# nobel

Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
BirthDate: 1852-08-30
BirthCity: Rotterdam
BirthCountry: Netherlands
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Berlin University
OrganizationCity: Berlin
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1911-03-01
DeathCity: Berlin
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sully Prudhomme
BirthDate: 1839-03-16
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1907-09-07
DeathCity: Châtenay
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Emil Adolf von Behring
BirthDate: 1854-03-15
BirthCity: Hansdorf (Lawice)
BirthCountry: Prussia (Poland)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Marburg University
OrganizationCity: Marburg
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1917-03-31
DeathCity: Marburg
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
BirthDate: 1845-03-27
BirthCity: Lennep (Remscheid)
BirthCountry: Prussia (Germany)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Munich University
OrganizationCity: Munich
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1923-02-10
DeathCity: Munich
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Hermann Emil Fischer
BirthDate: 1852-10-09
BirthCity: Euskirchen
BirthCountry: Prussia (Germany)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Berlin University
OrganizationCity: Berlin
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1919-07-15
DeathCity: Berlin
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1902
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen
BirthDate: 1817-11-30
BirthCity: Garding
BirthCountry: Schleswig (Germany)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1903-11-01
DeathCity: Charlottenburg
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, <I>A history of Rome</I>"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ronald Ross
BirthDate: 1857-05-13
BirthCity: Almora
BirthCountry: India
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University College
OrganizationCity: Liverpool
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1932-09-16
DeathCity: Putney Heath
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
BirthDate: 1853-07-18
BirthCity: Arnhem
BirthCountry: Netherlands
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Leiden University
OrganizationCity: Leiden
OrganizationCountry: Netherlands
DeathDate: 1928-02-04
DeathCountry: Netherlands
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Svante August Arrhenius
BirthDate: 1859-02-19
BirthCity: Vik
BirthCountry: Sweden
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Stockholm University
OrganizationCity: Stockholm
OrganizationCountry: Sweden
DeathDate: 1927-10-02
DeathCity: Stockholm
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1903
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson
BirthDate: 1832-12-08
BirthCity: Kvikne
BirthCountry: Norway
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1910-04-26
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Niels Ryberg Finsen
BirthDate: 1860-12-15
BirthCity: Thorshavn
BirthCountry: Faroe Islands (Denmark)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Finsen Medical Light Institute
OrganizationCity: Copenhagen
OrganizationCountry: Denmark
DeathDate: 1904-09-24
DeathCity: Copenhagen
DeathCountry: Denmark
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Antoine Henri Becquerel
BirthDate: 1852-12-15
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: École Polytechnique
OrganizationCity: Paris
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 1908-08-25
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903
PrizeShare: 1/4
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Pierre Curie
BirthDate: 1859-05-15
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationCity: Paris
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 1906-04-19
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"

OrganizationName:
  École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry)


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sir William Ramsay
BirthDate: 1852-10-02
BirthCity: Glasgow
BirthCountry: Scotland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University College
OrganizationCity: London
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1916-07-23
DeathCity: High Wycombe
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Frédéric Mistral
BirthDate: 1830-09-08
BirthCity: Maillane
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1914-03-25
DeathCity: Maillane
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: José Echegaray y Eizaguirre
BirthDate: 1832-04-19
BirthCity: Madrid
BirthCountry: Spain
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1916-09-04
DeathCity: Madrid
DeathCountry: Spain
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
BirthDate: 1849-09-14
BirthCity: Ryazan
BirthCountry: Russia
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Military Medical Academy
OrganizationCity: St. Petersburg
OrganizationCountry: Russia
DeathDate: 1936-02-27
DeathCity: Leningrad
DeathCountry: Russia
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)
BirthDate: 1842-11-12
BirthCity: Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Royal Institution of Great Britain
OrganizationCity: London
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1919-06-30
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
BirthDate: 1835-10-31
BirthCity: Berlin
BirthCountry: Prussia (Germany)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Munich University
OrganizationCity: Munich
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1917-08-20
DeathCity: Starnberg
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Henri Moissan
BirthDate: 1852-09-28
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Sorbonne University
OrganizationCity: Paris
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 1907-02-20
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Giosuè Carducci
BirthDate: 1835-07-27
BirthCity: Val di Castello
BirthCountry: Tuscany (Italy)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1907-02-16
DeathCity: Bologna
DeathCountry: Italy
Motivation:
  "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Joseph John Thomson
BirthDate: 1856-12-18
BirthCity: Cheetham Hill, near Manchester
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Cambridge
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1940-08-30
DeathCity: Cambridge
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Rudyard Kipling
BirthDate: 1865-12-30
BirthCity: Bombay
BirthCountry: British India (India)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1936-01-18
DeathCity: London
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Albert Abraham Michelson
BirthDate: 1852-12-19
BirthCity: Strelno (Strzelno)
BirthCountry: Prussia (Poland)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1931-05-09
DeathCity: Pasadena, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ernest Rutherford
BirthDate: 1871-08-30
BirthCity: Nelson
BirthCountry: New Zealand
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Victoria University
OrganizationCity: Manchester
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1937-10-19
DeathCity: Cambridge
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1908
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Rudolf Christoph Eucken
BirthDate: 1846-01-05
BirthCity: Aurich
BirthCountry: East Friesland (Germany)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1926-09-14
DeathCity: Jena
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Wilhelm Ostwald
BirthDate: 1853-09-02
BirthCity: Riga
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Latvia)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Leipzig University
OrganizationCity: Leipzig
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1932-04-04
DeathCity: Leipzig
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1909
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf
BirthDate: 1858-11-20
BirthCity: Mårbacka
BirthCountry: Sweden
Sex: Female
DeathDate: 1940-03-16
DeathCity: Mårbacka
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Otto Wallach
BirthDate: 1847-03-27
BirthCity: Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad)
BirthCountry: Germany (Russia)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Goettingen University
OrganizationCity: Göttingen
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1931-02-26
DeathCity: Göttingen
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1910
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse
BirthDate: 1830-03-15
BirthCity: Berlin
BirthCountry: Prussia (Germany)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1914-04-02
DeathCity: Munich
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Albrecht Kossel
BirthDate: 1853-09-16
BirthCity: Rostock
BirthCountry: Mecklenburg (Germany)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Heidelberg
OrganizationCity: Heidelberg
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1927-07-05
DeathCity: Heidelberg
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Marie Curie, née Sklodowska
BirthDate: 1867-11-07
BirthCity: Warsaw
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Poland)
Sex: Female
OrganizationName: Sorbonne University
OrganizationCity: Paris
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 1934-07-04
DeathCity: Sallanches
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1911
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck
BirthDate: 1862-08-29
BirthCity: Ghent
BirthCountry: Belgium
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1949-05-06
DeathCity: Nice
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Victor Grignard
BirthDate: 1871-05-06
BirthCity: Cherbourg
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Nancy University
OrganizationCity: Nancy
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 1935-12-13
DeathCity: Lyon
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Paul Sabatier
BirthDate: 1854-11-05
BirthCity: Carcassonne
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Toulouse University
OrganizationCity: Toulouse
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 1941-08-14
DeathCity: Toulouse
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann
BirthDate: 1862-11-15
BirthCity: Bad Salzbrunn
BirthCountry: Prussia (Germany)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1946-06-06
DeathCity: Agnetendorf (Jagniatków)
DeathCountry: Germany (Poland)
Motivation:
  "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Nils Gustaf Dalén
BirthDate: 1869-11-30
BirthCity: Stenstorp
BirthCountry: Sweden
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co.
OrganizationCity: Lidingö-Stockholm
OrganizationCountry: Sweden
DeathDate: 1937-12-09
DeathCity: Stockholm
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Alfred Werner
BirthDate: 1866-12-12
BirthCity: Mulhouse
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Zurich
OrganizationCity: Zurich
OrganizationCountry: Switzerland
DeathDate: 1919-11-15
DeathCity: Zurich
DeathCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Rabindranath Tagore
BirthDate: 1861-05-07
BirthCity: Calcutta
BirthCountry: India
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1941-08-07
DeathCity: Calcutta
DeathCountry: India
Motivation:
  "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
BirthDate: 1853-09-21
BirthCity: Groningen
BirthCountry: Netherlands
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Leiden University
OrganizationCity: Leiden
OrganizationCountry: Netherlands
DeathDate: 1926-02-21
DeathCity: Leiden
DeathCountry: Netherlands
Motivation:
  "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Theodore William Richards
BirthDate: 1868-01-31
BirthCity: Germantown, PA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard University
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1928-04-02
DeathCity: Cambridge, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1915
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Romain Rolland
BirthDate: 1866-01-29
BirthCity: Clamecy
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1944-12-30
DeathCity: Vézelay
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
BirthDate: 1858-04-23
BirthCity: Kiel
BirthCountry: Schleswig (Germany)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Berlin University
OrganizationCity: Berlin
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1947-10-04
DeathCity: Göttingen
DeathCountry: West Germany (Germany)
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Johannes Stark
BirthDate: 1874-04-15
BirthCity: Schickenhof
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Greifswald University
OrganizationCity: Greifswald
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1957-06-21
DeathCity: Traunstein
DeathCountry: West Germany (Germany)
Motivation:
  "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Charles Edouard Guillaume
BirthDate: 1861-02-15
BirthCity: Fleurier
BirthCountry: Switzerland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures)
OrganizationCity: Sèvres
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 1938-06-13
DeathCity: Sèvres
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Frederick Soddy
BirthDate: 1877-09-02
BirthCity: Eastbourne
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Oxford
OrganizationCity: Oxford
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1956-09-22
DeathCity: Brighton
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Anatole France
BirthDate: 1844-04-16
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1924-10-12
DeathCity: Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Albert Einstein
BirthDate: 1879-03-14
BirthCity: Ulm
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik
OrganizationCity: Berlin
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1955-04-18
DeathCity: Princeton, NJ
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Francis William Aston
BirthDate: 1877-09-01
BirthCity: Harborne
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Cambridge
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1945-11-20
DeathCity: Cambridge
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Otto Fritz Meyerhof
BirthDate: 1884-04-12
BirthCity: Hanover
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Kiel University
OrganizationCity: Kiel
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1951-10-06
DeathCity: Philadelphia, PA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Niels Henrik David Bohr
BirthDate: 1885-10-07
BirthCity: Copenhagen
BirthCountry: Denmark
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Copenhagen University
OrganizationCity: Copenhagen
OrganizationCountry: Denmark
DeathDate: 1962-11-18
DeathCity: Copenhagen
DeathCountry: Denmark
Motivation:
  "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: William Butler Yeats
BirthDate: 1865-06-13
BirthCity: Dublin
BirthCountry: Ireland
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1939-01-28
DeathCity: Roquebrune-Cap-Martin
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
BirthDate: 1865-04-01
BirthCity: Vienna
BirthCountry: Austrian Empire (Austria)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Goettingen University
OrganizationCity: Göttingen
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1929-09-24
DeathCity: Göttingen
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: George Bernard Shaw
BirthDate: 1856-07-26
BirthCity: Dublin
BirthCountry: Ireland
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1950-11-02
DeathCity: Ayot St. Lawrence
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Grazia Deledda
BirthDate: 1871-09-27
BirthCity: Nuoro, Sardinia
BirthCountry: Italy
Sex: Female
DeathDate: 1936-08-15
DeathCity: Rome
DeathCountry: Italy
Motivation:
  "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Jean Baptiste Perrin
BirthDate: 1870-09-30
BirthCity: Lille
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Sorbonne University
OrganizationCity: Paris
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 1942-04-17
DeathCity: New York, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1927
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Henri Bergson
BirthDate: 1859-10-18
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1941-01-04
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Julius Wagner-Jauregg
BirthDate: 1857-03-07
BirthCity: Wels
BirthCountry: Austria
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Vienna University
OrganizationCity: Vienna
OrganizationCountry: Austria
DeathDate: 1940-09-27
DeathCity: Vienna
DeathCountry: Austria
Motivation:
  "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
BirthDate: 1869-02-14
BirthCity: Glencorse
BirthCountry: Scotland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Cambridge
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1959-11-15
DeathCity: Carlops
DeathCountry: Scotland
Motivation:
  "for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
BirthDate: 1876-12-25
BirthCity: Berlin
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Goettingen University
OrganizationCity: Göttingen
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1959-06-09
DeathCity: Göttingen
DeathCountry: West Germany (Germany)
Motivation:
  "for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Owen Willans Richardson
BirthDate: 1879-04-26
BirthCity: Dewsbury
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: London University
OrganizationCity: London
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1959-02-15
DeathCity: Alton
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1929
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Thomas Mann
BirthDate: 1875-06-06
BirthCity: Lübeck
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1955-08-12
DeathCity: Zurich
DeathCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "principally for his great novel, <I>Buddenbrooks</I>, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Hans Fischer
BirthDate: 1881-07-27
BirthCity: Hoechst
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology)
OrganizationCity: Munich
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1945-03-31
DeathCity: Munich
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sinclair Lewis
BirthDate: 1885-02-07
BirthCity: Sauk Centre, MN
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1951-01-10
DeathCity: Rome
DeathCountry: Italy
Motivation:
  "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Carl Bosch
BirthDate: 1874-08-27
BirthCity: Cologne
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Heidelberg
OrganizationCity: Heidelberg
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1940-04-26
DeathCity: Heidelberg
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Werner Karl Heisenberg
BirthDate: 1901-12-05
BirthCity: Würzburg
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Leipzig University
OrganizationCity: Leipzig
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1976-02-01
DeathCity: Munich
DeathCountry: West Germany (Germany)
Motivation:
  "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
BirthDate: 1870-10-22
BirthCity: Voronezh
BirthCountry: Russia
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1953-11-08
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
BirthDate: 1884-03-24
BirthCity: Maastricht
BirthCountry: Netherlands
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Berlin University
OrganizationCity: Berlin
OrganizationCountry: Germany
DeathDate: 1966-11-02
DeathCity: Ithaca, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
BirthDate: 1888-10-16
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1953-11-27
DeathCity: Boston, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Roger Martin du Gard
BirthDate: 1881-03-23
BirthCity: Neuilly-sur-Seine
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1958-08-22
DeathCity: Bellême
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt
BirthDate: 1893-09-16
BirthCity: Budapest
BirthCountry: Austria-Hungary (Hungary)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Szeged University
OrganizationCity: Szeged
OrganizationCountry: Hungary
DeathDate: 1986-10-22
DeathCity: Woods Hole, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Pearl Buck
BirthDate: 1892-06-26
BirthCity: Hillsboro, WV
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Female
DeathDate: 1973-03-06
DeathCity: Danby, VT
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Corneille Jean François Heymans
BirthDate: 1892-03-28
BirthCity: Ghent
BirthCountry: Belgium
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Ghent University
OrganizationCity: Ghent
OrganizationCountry: Belgium
DeathDate: 1968-07-18
DeathCity: Knokke
DeathCountry: Belgium
Motivation:
  "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Enrico Fermi
BirthDate: 1901-09-29
BirthCity: Rome
BirthCountry: Italy
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Rome University
OrganizationCity: Rome
OrganizationCountry: Italy
DeathDate: 1954-11-28
DeathCity: Chicago, IL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Frans Eemil Sillanpää
BirthDate: 1888-09-16
BirthCity: Hämeenkyrö
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Finland)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1964-06-03
DeathCity: Helsinki
DeathCountry: Finland
Motivation:
  "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ernest Orlando Lawrence
BirthDate: 1901-08-08
BirthCity: Canton, SD
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of California
OrganizationCity: Berkeley, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1958-08-27
DeathCity: Palo Alto, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Otto Stern
BirthDate: 1888-02-17
BirthCity: Sorau (Zory)
BirthCountry: Germany (Poland)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Carnegie Institute of Technology
OrganizationCity: Pittsburgh, PA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1969-08-17
DeathCity: Berkeley, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Johannes Vilhelm Jensen
BirthDate: 1873-01-20
BirthCity: Farsø
BirthCountry: Denmark
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1950-11-25
DeathCity: Copenhagen
DeathCountry: Denmark
Motivation:
  "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
BirthDate: 1895-01-15
BirthCity: Helsinki
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Finland)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Helsinki
OrganizationCity: Helsinki
OrganizationCountry: Finland
DeathDate: 1973-11-11
DeathCity: Helsinki
DeathCountry: Finland
Motivation:
  "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Gabriela Mistral
BirthDate: 1889-04-07
BirthCity: Vicuña
BirthCountry: Chile
Sex: Female
DeathDate: 1957-01-10
DeathCity: Hempstead, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Hermann Hesse
BirthDate: 1877-07-02
BirthCity: Calw
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1962-08-09
DeathCity: Montagnola
DeathCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Percy Williams Bridgman
BirthDate: 1882-04-21
BirthCity: Cambridge, MA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard University
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1961-08-20
DeathCity: Randolph, NH
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: André Paul Guillaume Gide
BirthDate: 1869-11-22
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1951-02-19
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Bernardo Alberto Houssay
BirthDate: 1887-04-10
BirthCity: Buenos Aires
BirthCountry: Argentina
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine)
OrganizationCity: Buenos Aires
OrganizationCountry: Argentina
DeathDate: 1971-09-21
DeathCity: Buenos Aires
DeathCountry: Argentina
Motivation:
  "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sir Edward Victor Appleton
BirthDate: 1892-09-06
BirthCity: Bradford
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
OrganizationCity: London
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1965-04-21
DeathCity: Edinburgh
DeathCountry: Scotland
Motivation:
  "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
BirthDate: 1902-08-10
BirthCity: Stockholm
BirthCountry: Sweden
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Uppsala University
OrganizationCity: Uppsala
OrganizationCountry: Sweden
DeathDate: 1971-10-29
DeathCity: Uppsala
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
BirthDate: 1897-11-18
BirthCity: London
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Victoria University
OrganizationCity: Manchester
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1974-07-13
DeathCity: London
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: William Francis Giauque
BirthDate: 1895-05-12
BirthCity: Niagara Falls
BirthCountry: Canada
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of California
OrganizationCity: Berkeley, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1982-03-28
DeathCity: Berkeley, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Walter Rudolf Hess
BirthDate: 1881-03-17
BirthCity: Frauenfeld
BirthCountry: Switzerland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Zurich
OrganizationCity: Zurich
OrganizationCountry: Switzerland
DeathDate: 1973-08-12
DeathCity: Ascona
DeathCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell
BirthDate: 1872-05-18
BirthCity: Trelleck
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1970-02-02
DeathCity: Penrhyndeudraeth
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Edward Calvin Kendall
BirthDate: 1886-03-08
BirthCity: South Norwalk, CT
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Mayo Clinic
OrganizationCity: Rochester, MN
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1972-05-04
DeathCity: Princeton, NJ
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Cecil Frank Powell
BirthDate: 1903-12-05
BirthCity: Tonbridge
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Bristol University
OrganizationCity: Bristol
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1969-08-09
DeathCountry: Italy
Motivation:
  "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Pär Fabian Lagerkvist
BirthDate: 1891-05-23
BirthCity: Växjö
BirthCountry: Sweden
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1974-07-11
DeathCity: Stockholm
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sir John Douglas Cockcroft
BirthDate: 1897-05-27
BirthCity: Todmorden
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Atomic Energy Research Establishment
OrganizationCity: Harwell, Berkshire
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1967-09-18
DeathCity: Cambridge
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1952
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: François Mauriac
BirthDate: 1885-10-11
BirthCity: Bordeaux
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1970-09-01
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Felix Bloch
BirthDate: 1905-10-23
BirthCity: Zurich
BirthCountry: Switzerland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Stanford University
OrganizationCity: Stanford, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1983-09-10
DeathCity: Zurich
DeathCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953
Motivation: "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Hermann Staudinger
BirthDate: 1881-03-23
BirthCity: Worms
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationCity: Breisgau
OrganizationCountry: Federal Republic of Germany
DeathDate: 1965-09-08
DeathCity: Freiburg im Breisgau
DeathCountry: West Germany (Germany)
OrganizationName:
  Staatliches Institut für makromolekulare Chemie (State Research Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry), Freiburg


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
BirthDate: 1874-11-30
BirthCity: Woodstock
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1965-01-24
DeathCity: London
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Frits Zernike
BirthDate: 1888-07-16
BirthCity: Amsterdam
BirthCountry: Netherlands
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Groningen University
OrganizationCity: Groningen
OrganizationCountry: Netherlands
DeathDate: 1966-03-10
DeathCity: Groningen
DeathCountry: Netherlands
Motivation:
  "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Linus Carl Pauling
BirthDate: 1901-02-28
BirthCity: Portland, OR
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
OrganizationCity: Pasadena, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1994-08-19
DeathCity: Big Sur, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ernest Miller Hemingway
BirthDate: 1899-07-21
BirthCity: Oak Park, IL
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1961-07-02
DeathCity: Ketchum, ID
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea,</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: John Franklin Enders
BirthDate: 1897-02-10
BirthCity: West Hartford, CT
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard Medical School
OrganizationCity: Boston, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1985-09-08
DeathCity: Waterford, CT
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Max Born
BirthDate: 1882-12-11
BirthCity: Breslau (Wroclaw)
BirthCountry: Germany (Poland)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Edinburgh University
OrganizationCity: Edinburgh
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1970-01-05
DeathCity: Göttingen
DeathCountry: West Germany (Germany)
Motivation:
  "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Vincent du Vigneaud
BirthDate: 1901-05-18
BirthCity: Chicago, IL
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Cornell University
OrganizationCity: Ithaca, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1978-12-11
DeathCity: White Plains, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Juan Ramón Jiménez
BirthDate: 1881-12-24
BirthCity: Moguer
BirthCountry: Spain
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1958-05-29
DeathCity: San Juan
DeathCountry: Puerto Rico
Motivation:
  "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: André Frédéric Cournand
BirthDate: 1895-09-24
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital
OrganizationCity: New York, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1988-02-19
DeathCity: Great Barrington, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Albert Camus
BirthDate: 1913-11-07
BirthCity: Mondovi
BirthCountry: French Algeria (Algeria)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1960-01-04
DeathCity: Sens
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Daniel Bovet
BirthDate: 1907-03-23
BirthCity: Neuchâtel
BirthCountry: Switzerland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health)
OrganizationCity: Rome
OrganizationCountry: Italy
DeathDate: 1992-04-08
DeathCity: Rome
DeathCountry: Italy
Motivation:
  "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Chen Ning Yang
BirthDate: 1922-09-22
BirthCity: Hofei, Anhwei
BirthCountry: China
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Institute for Advanced Study
OrganizationCity: Princeton, NJ
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
BirthDate: 1890-02-10
BirthCity: Moscow
BirthCountry: Russia
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1960-05-30
DeathCity: Peredelkino
DeathCountry: Russia
Motivation:
  "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Joshua Lederberg
BirthDate: 1925-05-23
BirthCity: Montclair, NJ
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Wisconsin
OrganizationCity: Madison, WI
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2008-02-02
DeathCity: New York, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Salvatore Quasimodo
BirthDate: 1901-08-20
BirthCity: Modica
BirthCountry: Italy
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1968-06-14
DeathCity: Naples
DeathCountry: Italy
Motivation:
  "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Severo Ochoa
BirthDate: 1905-09-24
BirthCity: Luarca
BirthCountry: Spain
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: New York University, College of Medicine
OrganizationCity: New York, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1993-11-01
DeathCity: Madrid
DeathCountry: Spain
Motivation:
  "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Willard Frank Libby
BirthDate: 1908-12-17
BirthCity: Grand Valley, CO
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of California
OrganizationCity: Los Angeles, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1980-09-08
DeathCity: Los Angeles, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Saint-John Perse
BirthDate: 1887-05-31
BirthCity: Pointe-à-Pitre
BirthCountry: Guadeloupe Island
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1975-09-20
DeathCity: Presqu'île-de-Giens
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ivo Andric
BirthDate: 1892-10-10
BirthCity: Dolac
BirthCountry: Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1975-03-13
DeathCity: Belgrade
DeathCountry: Yugoslavia (Serbia)
Motivation:
  "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Robert Hofstadter
BirthDate: 1915-02-05
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Stanford University
OrganizationCity: Stanford, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1990-11-17
DeathCity: Stanford, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer
BirthDate: 1929-01-31
BirthCity: Munich
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Technical University
OrganizationCity: Munich
OrganizationCountry: Federal Republic of Germany
DeathDate: 2011-09-14
Motivation:
  "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: John Steinbeck
BirthDate: 1902-02-27
BirthCity: Salinas, CA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1968-12-20
DeathCity: New York, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Francis Harry Compton Crick
BirthDate: 1916-06-08
BirthCity: Northampton
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 2004-07-28
DeathCity: San Diego, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sir John Carew Eccles
BirthDate: 1903-01-27
BirthCity: Melbourne
BirthCountry: Australia
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Australian National University
OrganizationCity: Canberra
OrganizationCountry: Australia
DeathDate: 1997-05-02
DeathCity: Contra
DeathCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Eugene Paul Wigner
BirthDate: 1902-11-17
BirthCity: Budapest
BirthCountry: Austria-Hungary (Hungary)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Princeton University
OrganizationCity: Princeton, NJ
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1995-01-01
DeathCity: Princeton, NJ
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Jean-Paul Sartre
BirthDate: 1905-06-21
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1980-04-15
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Konrad Bloch
BirthDate: 1912-01-21
BirthCity: Neisse (Nysa)
BirthCountry: Germany (Poland)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard University
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2000-10-15
DeathCity: Burlington, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Charles Hard Townes
BirthDate: 1915-07-28
BirthCity: Greenville, SC
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2015-01-27
DeathCity: Berkeley, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
BirthDate: 1905-05-24
BirthCity: Veshenskaya
BirthCountry: Russia
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1984-02-21
DeathCity: Veshenskaya
DeathCountry: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Motivation:
  "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
BirthDate: 1906-03-31
BirthCity: Kyoto
BirthCountry: Japan
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Tokyo University of Education
OrganizationCity: Tokyo
OrganizationCountry: Japan
DeathDate: 1979-07-08
DeathCity: Tokyo
DeathCountry: Japan
Motivation:
  "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Robert S. Mulliken
BirthDate: 1896-06-07
BirthCity: Newburyport, MA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1986-10-31
DeathCity: Arlington, VA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Nelly Sachs
BirthDate: 1891-12-10
BirthCity: Berlin
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Female
DeathDate: 1970-05-12
DeathCity: Stockholm
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Manfred Eigen
BirthDate: 1927-05-09
BirthCity: Bochum
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie
OrganizationCity: Göttingen
OrganizationCountry: Federal Republic of Germany
Motivation:
  "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Miguel Angel Asturias
BirthDate: 1899-10-19
BirthCity: Guatemala City
BirthCountry: Guatemala
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1974-06-09
DeathCity: Madrid
DeathCountry: Spain
Motivation:
  "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ragnar Granit
BirthDate: 1900-10-30
BirthCity: Helsinki
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Finland)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Karolinska Institutet
OrganizationCity: Stockholm
OrganizationCountry: Sweden
DeathDate: 1991-03-12
DeathCity: Stockholm
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Hans Albrecht Bethe
BirthDate: 1906-07-02
BirthCity: Strassburg (Strasbourg)
BirthCountry: Germany (France)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Cornell University
OrganizationCity: Ithaca, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2005-03-06
DeathCity: Ithaca, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Lars Onsager
BirthDate: 1903-11-27
BirthCity: Kristiania (Oslo)
BirthCountry: Norway
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Yale University
OrganizationCity: New Haven, CT
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1976-10-05
DeathCity: Coral Gables, FL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1968
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Yasunari Kawabata
BirthDate: 1899-06-11
BirthCity: Osaka
BirthCountry: Japan
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1972-04-16
DeathCity: Zushi
DeathCountry: Japan
Motivation:
  "for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Luis Walter Alvarez
BirthDate: 1911-06-13
BirthCity: San Francisco, CA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of California
OrganizationCity: Berkeley, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1988-09-01
DeathCity: Berkeley, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Derek H. R. Barton
BirthDate: 1918-09-08
BirthCity: Gravesend
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Imperial College
OrganizationCity: London
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1998-03-16
DeathCity: College Station, TX
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Samuel Beckett
BirthDate: 1906-04-13
BirthCity: Dublin
BirthCountry: Ireland
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1989-12-22
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Murray Gell-Mann
BirthDate: 1929-09-15
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
OrganizationCity: Pasadena, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1970
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Paul A. Samuelson
BirthDate: 1915-05-15
BirthCity: Gary, IN
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2009-12-13
DeathCity: Belmont, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn
BirthDate: 1918-12-11
BirthCity: Kislovodsk
BirthCountry: Russia
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2008-08-03
DeathCity: Troitse-Lykovo
DeathCountry: Russia
Motivation:
  "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sir Bernard Katz
BirthDate: 1911-03-26
BirthCity: Leipzig
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University College
OrganizationCity: London
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 2003-04-20
DeathCity: London
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén
BirthDate: 1908-05-30
BirthCity: Norrköping
BirthCountry: Sweden
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Royal Institute of Technology
OrganizationCity: Stockholm
OrganizationCountry: Sweden
DeathDate: 1995-04-02
DeathCity: Djursholm
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Louis Eugène Félix Néel
BirthDate: 1904-11-22
BirthCity: Lyon
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Grenoble
OrganizationCity: Grenoble
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 2000-11-17
DeathCity: Brive-Corrèze
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Gerhard Herzberg
BirthDate: 1904-12-25
BirthCity: Hamburg
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: National Research Council of Canada
OrganizationCity: Ottawa
OrganizationCountry: Canada
DeathDate: 1999-03-03
DeathCity: Ottawa
DeathCountry: Canada
Motivation:
  "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1971
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Simon Kuznets
BirthDate: 1901-04-30
BirthCity: Pinsk
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Belarus)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard University
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1985-07-08
DeathCity: Cambridge, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Pablo Neruda
BirthDate: 1904-07-12
BirthCity: Parral
BirthCountry: Chile
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1973-09-23
DeathCity: Santiago
DeathCountry: Chile
Motivation:
  "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Christian B. Anfinsen
BirthDate: 1916-03-26
BirthCity: Monessen, PA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: National Institutes of Health
OrganizationCity: Bethesda, MD
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1995-05-14
DeathCity: Randallstown, MD
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972
PrizeShare: 1/4
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Stanford Moore
BirthDate: 1913-09-04
BirthCity: Chicago, IL
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Rockefeller University
OrganizationCity: New York, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1982-08-23
DeathCity: New York, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Heinrich Böll
BirthDate: 1917-12-21
BirthCity: Cologne
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1985-07-16
DeathCity: Bornheim-Merten
DeathCountry: West Germany (Germany)
Motivation:
  "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ernst Otto Fischer
BirthDate: 1918-11-10
BirthCity: Munich
BirthCountry: Germany
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Technical University
OrganizationCity: Munich
OrganizationCountry: Federal Republic of Germany
DeathDate: 2007-07-23
DeathCity: Munich
DeathCountry: Germany
Motivation:
  "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1973
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Wassily Leontief
BirthDate: 1906-08-05
BirthCity: St. Petersburg
BirthCountry: Russia
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard University
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1999-02-05
DeathCity: New York, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Karl von Frisch
BirthDate: 1886-11-20
BirthCity: Vienna
BirthCountry: Austria
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Zoologisches Institut der Universität München
OrganizationCity: Munich
OrganizationCountry: Federal Republic of Germany
DeathDate: 1982-06-12
DeathCity: Munich
DeathCountry: West Germany (Germany)
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Konrad Lorenz
BirthDate: 1903-11-07
BirthCity: Vienna
BirthCountry: Austria
Sex: Male
OrganizationCity: Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal
OrganizationCountry: Austria
DeathDate: 1989-02-27
DeathCity: Vienna
DeathCountry: Austria
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"

OrganizationName:
  Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften, Forschungsstelle für Ethologie


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973
PrizeShare: 1/4
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Leo Esaki
BirthDate: 1925-03-12
BirthCity: Osaka
BirthCountry: Japan
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
OrganizationCity: Yorktown Heights, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Brian David Josephson
BirthDate: 1940-01-04
BirthCity: Cardiff
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Cambridge
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Paul J. Flory
BirthDate: 1910-06-19
BirthCity: Sterling, IL
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Stanford University
OrganizationCity: Stanford, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1985-09-08
DeathCity: Big Sur, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1974
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Gunnar Myrdal
BirthDate: 1898-12-06
BirthCity: Skattungbyn
BirthCountry: Sweden
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1987-05-17
DeathCity: Stockholm
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sir Martin Ryle
BirthDate: 1918-09-27
BirthCity: Brighton
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Cambridge
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1984-10-14
DeathCity: Cambridge
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Eugenio Montale
BirthDate: 1896-10-12
BirthCity: Genoa
BirthCountry: Italy
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1981-09-12
DeathCity: Milan
DeathCountry: Italy
Motivation:
  "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: David Baltimore
BirthDate: 1938-03-07
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Aage Niels Bohr
BirthDate: 1922-06-19
BirthCity: Copenhagen
BirthCountry: Denmark
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Niels Bohr Institute
OrganizationCity: Copenhagen
OrganizationCountry: Denmark
DeathDate: 2009-09-08
DeathCity: Copenhagen
DeathCountry: Denmark
Motivation:
  "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1976
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Milton Friedman
BirthDate: 1912-07-31
BirthCity: Brooklyn, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2006-11-16
DeathCity: San Francisco, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Saul Bellow
BirthDate: 1915-06-10
BirthCity: Montreal
BirthCountry: Canada
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2005-04-05
DeathCity: Brookline, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Baruch S. Blumberg
BirthDate: 1925-07-28
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: The Institute for Cancer Research
OrganizationCity: Philadelphia, PA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2011-04-05
DeathCity: Moffett Field, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ilya Prigogine
BirthDate: 1917-01-25
BirthCity: Moscow
BirthCountry: Russia
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Université Libre de Bruxelles
OrganizationCity: Brussels
OrganizationCountry: Belgium
DeathDate: 2003-05-28
DeathCity: Brussels
DeathCountry: Belgium
Motivation:
  "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1977
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Bertil Ohlin
BirthDate: 1899-04-23
BirthCity: Klippan
BirthCountry: Sweden
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Stockholm School of Economics
OrganizationCity: Stockholm
OrganizationCountry: Sweden
DeathDate: 1979-08-03
DeathCity: Vålådalen
DeathCountry: Sweden
Motivation:
  "for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1977
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Vicente Aleixandre
BirthDate: 1898-04-26
BirthCity: Sevilla
BirthCountry: Spain
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1984-12-14
DeathCity: Madrid
DeathCountry: Spain
Motivation:
  "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Philip Warren Anderson
BirthDate: 1923-12-13
BirthCity: Indianapolis, IN
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Bell Telephone Laboratories
OrganizationCity: Murray Hill, NJ
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Peter D. Mitchell
BirthDate: 1920-09-29
BirthCity: Mitcham
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Glynn Research Laboratories
OrganizationCity: Bodmin
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1992-04-10
DeathCity: Bodmin
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Isaac Bashevis Singer
BirthDate: 1904-07-14
BirthCity: Leoncin
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Poland)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1991-07-24
DeathCity: Surfside, FL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Herbert C. Brown
BirthDate: 1912-05-22
BirthCity: London
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Purdue University
OrganizationCity: West Lafayette, IN
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2004-12-19
DeathCity: Lafayette, IN
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1979
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Theodore W. Schultz
BirthDate: 1902-04-30
BirthCity: Arlington, SD
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1998-02-26
DeathCity: Evanston, IL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Odysseus Elytis
BirthDate: 1911-11-02
BirthCity: Iráklion
BirthCountry: Crete (Greece)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1996-03-18
DeathCity: Athens
DeathCountry: Greece
Motivation:
  "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sheldon Lee Glashow
BirthDate: 1932-12-05
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard University, Lyman Laboratory
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Paul Berg
BirthDate: 1926-06-30
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Stanford University
OrganizationCity: Stanford, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1980
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Lawrence R. Klein
BirthDate: 1920-09-14
BirthCity: Omaha, NE
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Pennsylvania
OrganizationCity: Philadelphia, PA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2013-10-20
DeathCity: Gladwyne, PA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Czeslaw Milosz
BirthDate: 1911-06-30
BirthCity: &#346;eteniai
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Lithuania)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2004-08-14
DeathCity: Kraków
DeathCountry: Poland
Motivation:
  "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Baruj Benacerraf
BirthDate: 1920-10-29
BirthCity: Caracas
BirthCountry: Venezuela
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard Medical School
OrganizationCity: Boston, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2011-08-02
DeathCity: Boston, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: James Watson Cronin
BirthDate: 1931-09-29
BirthCity: Chicago, IL
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2016-08-25
DeathCity: St. Paul, MN
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1981
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: James Tobin
BirthDate: 1918-03-05
BirthCity: Champaign, IL
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Yale University
OrganizationCity: New Haven, CT
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2002-03-11
DeathCity: New Haven, CT
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Aaron Klug
BirthDate: 1926-08-11
BirthCity: Zelvas
BirthCountry: Lithuania
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1982
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: George J. Stigler
BirthDate: 1911-01-17
BirthCity: Renton, WA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1991-12-01
DeathCity: Chicago, IL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Gabriel García Márquez
BirthDate: 1927-03-06
BirthCity: Aracataca
BirthCountry: Colombia
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2014-04-17
DeathCity: Mexico City
DeathCountry: Mexico
Motivation:
  "for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1983
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Gerard Debreu
BirthDate: 1921-07-04
BirthCity: Calais
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of California
OrganizationCity: Berkeley, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2004-12-31
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: William Golding
BirthDate: 1911-09-19
BirthCity: St. Columb Minor
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1993-06-19
DeathCity: Perranarworthal
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
BirthDate: 1910-10-19
BirthCity: Lahore
BirthCountry: India (Pakistan)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1995-08-21
DeathCity: Chicago, IL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: William Alfred Fowler
BirthDate: 1911-08-09
BirthCity: Pittsburgh, PA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
OrganizationCity: Pasadena, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1995-03-14
DeathCity: Pasadena, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1984
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Richard Stone
BirthDate: 1913-08-30
BirthCity: London
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Cambridge
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
DeathDate: 1991-12-06
DeathCity: Cambridge
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Jaroslav Seifert
BirthDate: 1901-09-23
BirthCity: Prague
BirthCountry: Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1986-01-10
DeathCity: Prague
DeathCountry: Czechoslovakia
Motivation:
  "for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Niels K. Jerne
BirthDate: 1911-12-23
BirthCity: London
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Basel Institute for Immunology
OrganizationCity: Basel
OrganizationCountry: Switzerland
DeathDate: 1994-10-07
DeathCity: Castillon-du-Gard
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Carlo Rubbia
BirthDate: 1934-03-31
BirthCity: Gorizia
BirthCountry: Italy
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: CERN
OrganizationCity: Geneva
OrganizationCountry: Switzerland
DeathCity: Geneva
DeathCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Herbert A. Hauptman
BirthDate: 1917-02-14
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: The Medical Foundation of Buffalo
OrganizationCity: Buffalo, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2011-10-23
DeathCity: Buffalo, NY
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Claude Simon
BirthDate: 1913-10-10
BirthCity: Tananarive (Antananarivo)
BirthCountry: Madagascar
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2005-07-06
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1986
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: James M. Buchanan Jr.
BirthDate: 1919-10-03
BirthCity: Murfreesboro, TN
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Center for Study of Public Choice
OrganizationCity: Fairfax, VA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2013-01-09
DeathCity: Blacksburg, VA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Donald J. Cram
BirthDate: 1919-04-22
BirthCity: Chester, VT
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of California
OrganizationCity: Los Angeles, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2001-06-17
DeathCity: Palm Desert, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 1987
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Oscar Arias Sánchez
BirthDate: 1941-09-13
BirthCity: Heredia
BirthCountry: Costa Rica
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Naguib Mahfouz
BirthDate: 1911-12-11
BirthCity: Cairo
BirthCountry: Egypt
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2006-08-30
DeathCity: Cairo
DeathCountry: Egypt
Motivation:
  "who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Leon M. Lederman
BirthDate: 1922-07-15
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
OrganizationCity: Batavia, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1989
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Trygve Haavelmo
BirthDate: 1911-12-13
BirthCity: Skedsmo
BirthCountry: Norway
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Oslo
OrganizationCity: Oslo
OrganizationCountry: Norway
DeathDate: 1999-07-26
DeathCity: Oslo
DeathCountry: Norway
Motivation:
  "for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Camilo José Cela
BirthDate: 1916-05-11
BirthCity: Iria Flavia
BirthCountry: Spain
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2002-01-17
DeathCity: Madrid
DeathCountry: Spain
Motivation:
  "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Norman F. Ramsey
BirthDate: 1915-08-27
BirthCity: Washington, DC
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Harvard University
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2011-11-04
DeathCity: Wayland, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Octavio Paz
BirthDate: 1914-03-31
BirthCity: Mexico City
BirthCountry: Mexico
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 1998-04-19
DeathCity: Mexico City
DeathCountry: Mexico
Motivation:
  "for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 1990
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
BirthDate: 1931-03-02
BirthCity: Privolnoye
BirthCountry: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Jerome I. Friedman
BirthDate: 1930-03-28
BirthCity: Chicago, IL
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Richard R. Ernst
BirthDate: 1933-08-14
BirthCity: Winterthur
BirthCountry: Switzerland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)
OrganizationCity: Zurich
OrganizationCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1991
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ronald H. Coase
BirthDate: 1910-12-29
BirthCity: Willesden
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2013-09-02
DeathCity: Chicago, IL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Nadine Gordimer
BirthDate: 1923-11-20
BirthCity: Springs
BirthCountry: South Africa
Sex: Female
DeathDate: 2014-07-13
DeathCity: Johannesburg
DeathCountry: South Africa
Motivation:
  "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
BirthDate: 1932-10-24
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Collège de France
OrganizationCity: Paris
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 2007-05-18
DeathCity: Orsay
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1992
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Gary S. Becker
BirthDate: 1930-12-02
BirthCity: Pottsville, PA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2014-05-03
DeathCity: Chicago, IL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1992
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Derek Walcott
BirthDate: 1930-01-23
BirthCity: Castries
BirthCountry: Saint Lucia
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Edmond H. Fischer
BirthDate: 1920-04-06
BirthCity: Shanghai
BirthCountry: China
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Washington
OrganizationCity: Seattle, WA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 1992
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Rigoberta Menchú Tum
BirthDate: 1959-01-09
BirthCity: Aldea Chimel
BirthCountry: Guatemala
Sex: Female
Motivation:
  "in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Georges Charpak
BirthDate: 1924-08-01
BirthCity: Dabrovica
BirthCountry: Poland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie
OrganizationCity: Paris
OrganizationCountry: France
DeathDate: 2010-09-29
DeathCity: Paris
DeathCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Kary B. Mullis
BirthDate: 1944-12-28
BirthCity: Lenoir, NC
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationCity: La Jolla, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry; for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Michael Smith
BirthDate: 1932-04-26
BirthCity: Blackpool
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of British Columbia
OrganizationCity: Vancouver
OrganizationCountry: Canada
DeathDate: 2000-10-04
DeathCity: Vancouver
DeathCountry: Canada
Motivation:
  "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry; for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1993
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Robert W. Fogel
BirthDate: 1927-07-01
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2013-06-11
DeathCity: Oak Lawn, IL
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1993
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Toni Morrison
BirthDate: 1931-02-18
BirthCity: Lorain, OH
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Female
Motivation:
  "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 1993
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Nelson Mandela
BirthDate: 1918-07-18
BirthCity: Qunu
BirthCountry: South Africa
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2013-12-05
DeathCity: Johannesburg
DeathCountry: South Africa
Motivation:
  "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Russell A. Hulse
BirthDate: 1950-11-28
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Princeton University
OrganizationCity: Princeton, NJ
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1994
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Kenzaburo Oe
BirthDate: 1935-01-31
BirthCity: Uchiko
BirthCountry: Japan
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Bertram N. Brockhouse
BirthDate: 1918-07-15
BirthCity: Lethbridge, Alberta
BirthCountry: Canada
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: McMaster University
OrganizationCity: Hamilton, Ontario
OrganizationCountry: Canada
DeathDate: 2003-10-13
DeathCity: Hamilton, Ontario
DeathCountry: Canada
Motivation:
  "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the development of neutron spectroscopy"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Clifford G. Shull
BirthDate: 1915-09-23
BirthCity: Pittsburgh, PA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
OrganizationCity: Cambridge, MA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2001-03-31
DeathCity: Medford, MA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the development of the neutron diffraction technique"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Paul J. Crutzen
BirthDate: 1933-12-03
BirthCity: Amsterdam
BirthCountry: Netherlands
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie
OrganizationCity: Mainz
OrganizationCountry: Federal Republic of Germany
Motivation:
  "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1995
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Robert E. Lucas Jr.
BirthDate: 1937-09-15
BirthCity: Yakima, WA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Chicago
OrganizationCity: Chicago, IL
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 1995
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Joseph Rotblat
BirthDate: 1908-11-04
BirthCity: Warsaw
BirthCountry: Russian Empire (Poland)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2005-08-31
DeathCity: London
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Martin L. Perl
BirthDate: 1927-06-24
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Stanford University
OrganizationCity: Stanford, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2014-09-30
DeathCity: Palo Alto, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the discovery of the tau lepton"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Frederick Reines
BirthDate: 1918-03-16
BirthCity: Paterson, NJ
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of California
OrganizationCity: Irvine, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 1998-08-26
DeathCity: Orange, CA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the detection of the neutrino"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1996
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: James A. Mirrlees
BirthDate: 1936-07-05
BirthCity: Minnigaff
BirthCountry: Scotland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Cambridge
OrganizationCity: Cambridge
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1996
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Wislawa Szymborska
BirthDate: 1923-07-02
BirthCity: Bnin (Kórnik)
BirthCountry: Poland
Sex: Female
DeathDate: 2012-02-01
DeathCity: Kraków
DeathCountry: Poland
Motivation:
  "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997
PrizeShare: 1/4
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Paul D. Boyer
BirthDate: 1918-07-31
BirthCity: Provo, UT
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of California
OrganizationCity: Los Angeles, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1997
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Dario Fo
BirthDate: 1926-03-24
BirthCity: Leggiuno-Sangiano
BirthCountry: Italy
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2016-10-13
DeathCity: Milano
DeathCountry: Italy
Motivation:
  "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1998
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: José Saramago
BirthDate: 1922-11-16
BirthCity: Azinhaga
BirthCountry: Portugal
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2010-06-18
DeathCity: Lanzarote
DeathCountry: Spain
Motivation:
  "who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Robert F. Furchgott
BirthDate: 1916-06-04
BirthCity: Charleston, SC
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: SUNY Health Science Center
OrganizationCity: Brooklyn, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2009-05-19
DeathCity: Seattle, WA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1999
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Robert A. Mundell
BirthDate: 1932-10-24
BirthCity: Kingston, ON
BirthCountry: Canada
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Columbia University
OrganizationCity: New York, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Günter Blobel
BirthDate: 1936-05-21
BirthCity: Waltersdorf (Niegoslawice)
BirthCountry: Germany (Poland)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Rockefeller University
OrganizationCity: New York, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2000
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Gao Xingjian
BirthDate: 1940-01-04
BirthCity: Ganzhou
BirthCountry: China
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for an æuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2000
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Kim Dae-jung
BirthDate: 1925-12-03
BirthCity: Mokpo
BirthCountry: Korea (South Korea)
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2009-08-18
Motivation:
  "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
PrizeShare: 1/4
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Zhores I. Alferov
BirthDate: 1930-03-15
BirthCity: Vitebsk, Belorussia
BirthCountry: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Belarus)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute
OrganizationCity: St. Petersburg
OrganizationCountry: Russia
Motivation:
  "for basic work on information and communication technology; for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Jack S. Kilby
BirthDate: 1923-11-08
BirthCity: Jefferson City, MO
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Texas Instruments
OrganizationCity: Dallas, TX
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2005-06-20
DeathCity: Dallas, TX
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for basic work on information and communication technology; for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul
BirthDate: 1932-08-17
BirthCountry: Trinidad
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Eric A. Cornell
BirthDate: 1961-12-19
BirthCity: Palo Alto, CA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Colorado, JILA
OrganizationCity: Boulder, CO
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002
PrizeShare: 1/4
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: John B. Fenn
BirthDate: 1917-06-15
BirthCity: New York, NY
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Virginia Commonwealth University
OrganizationCity: Richmond, VA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
DeathDate: 2010-12-10
DeathCity: Richmond, VA
DeathCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Kurt Wüthrich
BirthDate: 1938-10-04
BirthCity: Aarberg
BirthCountry: Switzerland
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)
OrganizationCity: Zurich
OrganizationCountry: Switzerland
Motivation:
  "for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2002
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Daniel Kahneman
BirthDate: 1934-03-05
BirthCity: Tel Aviv
BirthCountry: British Mandate of Palestine (Israel)
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Princeton University
OrganizationCity: Princeton, NJ
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2002
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Vernon L. Smith
BirthDate: 1927-01-01
BirthCity: Wichita, KS
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: George Mason University
OrganizationCity: Fairfax, VA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Imre Kertész
BirthDate: 1929-11-09
BirthCity: Budapest
BirthCountry: Hungary
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2016-03-31
DeathCity: Budapest
DeathCountry: Hungary
Motivation:
  "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Sydney Brenner
BirthDate: 1927-01-13
BirthCity: Germiston
BirthCountry: South Africa
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: The Molecular Sciences Institute
OrganizationCity: Berkeley, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2002
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Jimmy Carter
BirthDate: 1924-10-01
BirthCity: Plains, GA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Riccardo Giacconi
BirthDate: 1931-10-06
BirthCity: Genoa
BirthCountry: Italy
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Associated Universities Inc.
OrganizationCity: Washington, DC
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"


Category: Chemistry
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Roderick MacKinnon
BirthDate: 1956-02-19
BirthCity: Burlington, MA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Rockefeller University
OrganizationCity: New York, NY
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2003
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Shirin Ebadi
BirthDate: 1947-06-21
BirthCity: Hamadan
BirthCountry: Iran
Sex: Female
Motivation:
  "for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children"


Category: Economics
Prize: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Finn E. Kydland
BirthDate: 1943-12-01
BirthCity: Gjesdal
BirthCountry: Norway
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Carnegie Mellon University
OrganizationCity: Pittsburgh, PA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2004
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Elfriede Jelinek
BirthDate: 1946-10-20
BirthCity: Mürzzuschlag
BirthCountry: Austria
Sex: Female
Motivation:
  "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Harold Pinter
BirthDate: 1930-10-10
BirthCity: London
BirthCountry: United Kingdom
Sex: Male
DeathDate: 2008-12-24
DeathCity: London
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Barry J. Marshall
BirthDate: 1951-09-30
BirthCity: Kalgoorlie
BirthCountry: Australia
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, QEII Medical Centre
OrganizationCity: Nedlands
OrganizationCountry: Australia
Motivation:
  "for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2005
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Organization
FullName: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Motivation:
  "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005
PrizeShare: 1/4
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: John L. Hall
BirthDate: 1934-08-21
BirthCity: Denver, CO
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Colorado, JILA
OrganizationCity: Boulder, CO
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2006
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Orhan Pamuk
BirthDate: 1952-06-07
BirthCity: Istanbul
BirthCountry: Turkey
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: John C. Mather
BirthDate: 1946-08-07
BirthCity: Roanoke, VA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
OrganizationCity: Greenbelt, MD
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Doris Lessing
BirthDate: 1919-10-22
BirthCity: Kermanshah
BirthCountry: Persia (Iran)
Sex: Female
DeathDate: 2013-11-17
DeathCity: London
DeathCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Mario R. Capecchi
BirthDate: 1937-10-06
BirthCity: Verona
BirthCountry: Italy
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: University of Utah
OrganizationCity: Salt Lake City, UT
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2007
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Organization
FullName: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Motivation:
  "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
BirthDate: 1940-04-13
BirthCity: Nice
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2008
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Martti Ahtisaari
BirthDate: 1937-06-23
BirthCity: Viipuri (Vyborg)
BirthCountry: Finland
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
PrizeShare: 1/4
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Makoto Kobayashi
BirthDate: 1944-04-07
BirthCity: Nagoya
BirthCountry: Japan
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
OrganizationCity: Tsukuba
OrganizationCountry: Japan
Motivation:
  "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Herta Müller
BirthDate: 1953-08-17
BirthCity: Nitzkydorf, Banat
BirthCountry: Romania
Sex: Female
Motivation:
  "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2009
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Barack H. Obama
BirthDate: 1961-08-04
BirthCity: Honolulu, HI
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Charles Kuen Kao
BirthDate: 1933-11-04
BirthCity: Shanghai
BirthCountry: China
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Standard Telecommunication Laboratories
OrganizationCity: Harlow
OrganizationCountry: United Kingdom
Motivation:
  "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Mario Vargas Llosa
BirthDate: 1936-03-28
BirthCity: Arequipa
BirthCountry: Peru
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2011
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
BirthDate: 1938-10-29
BirthCity: Monrovia
BirthCountry: Liberia
Sex: Female
Motivation:
  "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Saul Perlmutter
BirthCity: Champaign-Urbana, IL
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
OrganizationCity: Berkeley, CA
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2012
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Organization
FullName: European Union (EU)
Motivation:
  "for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Serge Haroche
BirthDate: 1944-09-11
BirthCity: Casablanca
BirthCountry: Morocco
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Collège de France
OrganizationCity: Paris
OrganizationCountry: France
Motivation:
  "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"


Category: Medicine
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: James E. Rothman
BirthDate: 1950-11-03
BirthCity: Haverhill, MA
BirthCountry: United States of America
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Yale University
OrganizationCity: New Haven, CT
OrganizationCountry: United States of America
Motivation:
  "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: François Englert
BirthDate: 1932-11-06
BirthCity: Etterbeek
BirthCountry: Belgium
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Université Libre de Bruxelles
OrganizationCity: Brussels
OrganizationCountry: Belgium
Motivation:
  "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider"


Category: Literature
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Patrick Modiano
BirthDate: 1945-07-30
BirthCity: Paris
BirthCountry: France
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2014
PrizeShare: 1/2
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Kailash Satyarthi
BirthDate: 1954-01-11
BirthCity: Vidisha
BirthCountry: India
Sex: Male
Motivation:
  "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education"


Category: Physics
Prize: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014
PrizeShare: 1/3
LaureateType: Individual
FullName: Isamu Akasaki
BirthDate: 1929-01-30
BirthCity: Chiran
BirthCountry: Japan
Sex: Male
OrganizationName: Meijo University
OrganizationCity: Nagoya
OrganizationCountry: Japan
Motivation:
  "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"


Category: Peace
Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 2015
PrizeShare: 1/1
LaureateType: Organization
FullName: National Dialogue Quartet
Motivation:
  "for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011"


